Mass measurement experiments involve the use of various pieces of equipment, such as balances and scales, to measure the mass of a substance. These tools can range from simple mechanical scales to advanced electronic balances that can measure mass down to a fraction of a microgram. Some of the commonly used equipment for mass measurement experiments include triple beam balances, analytical balances, and digital balances.
Accurate mass measurement is essential for a wide range of applications, from determining the purity of a substance to calculating dosages in pharmaceuticals. In addition, precise mass measurement is essential for research in fields such as materials science, where understanding the properties of materials at the atomic and molecular level is crucial.
The techniques used for mass measurement experiments can vary depending on the nature of the sample being measured. For example, the measurement of the mass of a solid sample may involve weighing the sample directly on a balance to measure the mass of a liquid. In other cases, it may be necessary to use more advanced techniques such as gas chromatography or mass spectrometry to measure the mass of a complex mixture.
Overall, mass measurement experiments play a critical role in many areas of science and technology. They provide an essential tool for understanding the properties and behavior of substances, and are essential for many research and industrial applications.
Mass Measurement Using An Analytical Balance
Note: This laboratory experiment involves handling delicate and expensive instruments. Follow the instructions carefully to ensure accurate measurements.
Equipment
- Analytical balance
- Weighing paper
- Spatula
Materials
- Sodium chloride
- Copper sulfate
- Magnesium nitrate
- Data sheet for recording weights (See the Table after the procedure)
Procedure
- Obtain three unknown compounds from the instructor and record their identifying numbers on the data sheet.
- Use the analytical balance to weigh a small amount of the first compound. Record the weight to the correct number of significant digits on the data sheet. Repeat this step for the second and third compounds.
- Weigh a small piece of weighing paper on the analytical balance and record the weight on the data sheet to the correct number of significant figures.
- Using a spatula, carefully transfer a small amount of the first compound onto the weighing paper. Weigh the paper and the compound together and record the weight to the correct number of significant figures on the data sheet.
- Repeat step 4 with the second and third compounds.
- Calculate the weight of the compounds by subtracting the weight of the weighing paper from the combined weight of the paper and compound. Record these values on the data sheet.
- Repeat steps 4-6 with two additional samples of each compound for a total of three samples per compound.
- Calculate the average weight of each compound from the three samples and record the values on the data sheet.
Note: Be sure to handle all equipment and substances carefully to avoid contamination and damage to the instruments.
Table
| Compound | Trial 1 Weight (g) | Trial 2 Weight (g) | Trial 3 Weight (g) | Average Weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown #1 | ||||
| Unknown #2 | ||||
| Unknown #3 | ||||
| Weighing Paper | N/A |
Mass Measurement Using A Top Loading Balance
Equipment
Top-loading balance
Materials
- Set of unknown objects to be weighed
- Copper wire
- Vial containing calcium carbonate
- Weighing boat
Procedure
- Turn on the top-loading balance and wait for it to stabilize.
- Obtain a set of unknown objects to be weighed from the instructor. Record the unknown number on the data sheet.
- Place the copper wire on the top-loading balance and record the weight to the correct number of significant figures on the data sheet.
- Place the vial containing calcium carbonate on the top-loading balance and record the weight to the correct number of significant figures on the data sheet.
- Place a weighing boat on the top-loading balance and record the weight to the correct number of significant figures.
- Carefully transfer about 0.5 g of the calcium carbonate from the vial to the weighing boat using a spatula.
- Place the weighing boat with the calcium carbonate on the top-loading balance and record the weight to the correct number of significant figures.
- Calculate the weight of the calcium carbonate transferred from the vial by subtracting the weight of the weighing boat from the weight of the weighing boat with the calcium carbonate.
- Repeat steps 3-8 two more times for the copper wire and the calcium carbonate.
- Record all data in the data sheet and calculate the average weight for each object.
Note: Follow all safety precautions when using the top-loading balance. Do not overload the balance or place objects directly on the weighing pan without a weighing boat or container.
Table
Mass Measurement Using Digital Balance
Equipment
- Digital balance
- Weighing boat
- Scoop or spatula
- Soft brush or cloth
Materials
- Copper sulfate pentahydrate
- Waste container
Procedure
- Obtain a sample of copper sulfate pentahydrate from your instructor. Record the sample number on the data sheet.
- Turn on the digital balance and wait for it to calibrate. If necessary, consult your instructor for assistance.
- Place a clean weighing boat on the balance and tare the balance to zero.
- Carefully add approximately 2 grams of the copper sulfate pentahydrate to the weighing boat using a scoop or spatula. Record the exact mass of the copper sulfate pentahydrate to the nearest 0.01 g on the data sheet.
- Dispose of the copper sulfate pentahydrate in the designated waste container and repeat the measurement process with another sample, until you have obtained at least three measurements.
- Calculate the average mass of the copper sulfate pentahydrate and record it on the data sheet.
- Clean the balance with a soft brush or cloth and return it to its storage location. Properly dispose of any waste materials in the designated waste container.
Note: Always handle chemicals with care and follow proper laboratory safety procedures.
Table
Mass measurement experiments require the use of different types of equipment, ranging from basic mechanical scales to highly precise electronic balances capable of measuring the mass of a substance to the nearest microgram. Triple beam balances, analytical balances, and digital balances are among the commonly used equipment for these experiments. By carrying out mass measurement experiments, students can gain a better understanding of the principles of mass measurement and develop skills in handling different types of equipment. The expectation of this experiment is to obtain accurate and precise measurements of the mass of the substances being tested, while also learning proper handling and maintenance of the equipment used. With proper execution and attention to detail, mass measurement experiments can provide valuable insights into the properties and behavior of substances in various scientific fields.
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